Preface:
If you're not a performance user, or you are trying to keep your costs low, AMD is a better choice right now. Otherwise Intel is the way to go.
Regarding motherboards with integrated video, do NOT use motherboards with Intel integrated graphics (or at the very least, get a separate video card). Intel integrated graphics (and the drivers they use) are of such poor quality it will cause crashes with various programs, and actually slows the rest of the system down, even in normal every day tasks. Stick with either Nvidia or ATI integrated video (if you want integrated video), or use a Pci-E video card outright.
One final cost consideration: all things being equal, good quality motherboards for Intel cpu's tend to cost more ($20-$40 extra) compared to a similar board for an AMD cpu. Those trying to stay on a budget will want to keep that in mind.
Intel CPU recommendations
Avoid anything prior to the I3 / I5 / I7 series cpu's, anything else (from Intel) just isn't worth it cost wise.
Be aware that the current LGA 1156 heatsink mounts just BLOWS compared to the AMD AM2/AM3 type mount, and extreme caution should be used when working with it. Just adding or removing a heatsink off a LGA socket can damage the socket or heatsink mounts unless you are extremely careful.
Intel has 3 different platforms currently available.
Socket 775 with Core2 class processors - The now out of date Intel platform. Its well proved, stable, but it's on the way out. Uses DDR2 or 3 ram depending on the board. For new systems, I'd skip socket 775 and move on to socket 1156.
Socket 1366 with I7 Cpu class processors - Fairly overpriced, but currently the highest performance option from Intel. Generally NOT worth the money now that socket 1156 is out. Uses DDR3 ram.
Socket 1156 with I7, I5 or I3 Cpu class processors - This is the replacement platform for Socket 775. The "I" series cpus are faster then the Core series, and are about the same cost (or better). Uses DDR3 ram. Avoid the hyper expensive models and stay under $300.
Socket 775 Boards:
I'm only going to list one board, for people who have a dead socket 775 board and need a replacement. For new machines or upgrades, keep on moving.
Gigabyte GA-EP45-UD3L Based on the Intel P45 chipset. Fairly cheap by Intel chipset standards. Features are fairly vanilla, 6 sata ports, lots of pci-e slots, and the IO plate offers an impressive 8 usb ports. Ethernet and audio are both realtek, so no wierd drivers to be concerned about there. The bios can be flashed right off a usb flash drive without needing to boot into dos (very handy!). Overclocking features appear to be very impressive as well. Stability is excellent, even while overclocked during heavy gaming or dvd encoding. This is my preferred board for Intel socket 775 cpu's.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
Socket 1156 Boards:
These are fairly new, and should be fairly stable by now, but watch out for early bios revisions. All of these boards are DDR3 only. With the memory controller now on the processor, performance should be virtually identical for any Socket 1156 board.
Gigabyte GA-P55M-UD2 Micro-atx format, cheap cost (by 1156 standards). Has 4 ram slots, 5 native sata ports (plus another 2 provided by a 3rd party controller), 10(!) rear usb ports, with 4 more usb ports on the motherboard itself. Other features are firewire, e-sata, gigabit ethernet and realtek HD audio. About the only apparent weakness of this board is no 1x pci-e slots, but there is 2 16x pci-e slots (with one being a 4x electrical), so this probably won't be much of an issue. This board is currently untested.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
Gigabyte GA-P55-USB3 Atx format, moderate cost (by 1156 standards). Has 4 ram slots, 6 native sata ports (plus another 2 provided by a 3rd party controller), 10(!) rear usb ports, with 4 more usb ports on the motherboard itself, and 3 pci slots, 2 1x pci-e slot, and 2 16x (with one being 4x electrical) pci-e slots. Other features are usb 3.0 support, gigabit ethernet and realtek HD audio. Overclocking support seems excellent so far. This board is stable in limited testing.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
If you're not a performance user, or you are trying to keep your costs low, AMD is a better choice right now. Otherwise Intel is the way to go.
Regarding motherboards with integrated video, do NOT use motherboards with Intel integrated graphics (or at the very least, get a separate video card). Intel integrated graphics (and the drivers they use) are of such poor quality it will cause crashes with various programs, and actually slows the rest of the system down, even in normal every day tasks. Stick with either Nvidia or ATI integrated video (if you want integrated video), or use a Pci-E video card outright.
One final cost consideration: all things being equal, good quality motherboards for Intel cpu's tend to cost more ($20-$40 extra) compared to a similar board for an AMD cpu. Those trying to stay on a budget will want to keep that in mind.
Intel CPU recommendations
Avoid anything prior to the I3 / I5 / I7 series cpu's, anything else (from Intel) just isn't worth it cost wise.
Be aware that the current LGA 1156 heatsink mounts just BLOWS compared to the AMD AM2/AM3 type mount, and extreme caution should be used when working with it. Just adding or removing a heatsink off a LGA socket can damage the socket or heatsink mounts unless you are extremely careful.
Intel has 3 different platforms currently available.
Socket 775 with Core2 class processors - The now out of date Intel platform. Its well proved, stable, but it's on the way out. Uses DDR2 or 3 ram depending on the board. For new systems, I'd skip socket 775 and move on to socket 1156.
Socket 1366 with I7 Cpu class processors - Fairly overpriced, but currently the highest performance option from Intel. Generally NOT worth the money now that socket 1156 is out. Uses DDR3 ram.
Socket 1156 with I7, I5 or I3 Cpu class processors - This is the replacement platform for Socket 775. The "I" series cpus are faster then the Core series, and are about the same cost (or better). Uses DDR3 ram. Avoid the hyper expensive models and stay under $300.
Socket 775 Boards:
I'm only going to list one board, for people who have a dead socket 775 board and need a replacement. For new machines or upgrades, keep on moving.
Gigabyte GA-EP45-UD3L Based on the Intel P45 chipset. Fairly cheap by Intel chipset standards. Features are fairly vanilla, 6 sata ports, lots of pci-e slots, and the IO plate offers an impressive 8 usb ports. Ethernet and audio are both realtek, so no wierd drivers to be concerned about there. The bios can be flashed right off a usb flash drive without needing to boot into dos (very handy!). Overclocking features appear to be very impressive as well. Stability is excellent, even while overclocked during heavy gaming or dvd encoding. This is my preferred board for Intel socket 775 cpu's.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
Socket 1156 Boards:
These are fairly new, and should be fairly stable by now, but watch out for early bios revisions. All of these boards are DDR3 only. With the memory controller now on the processor, performance should be virtually identical for any Socket 1156 board.
Gigabyte GA-P55M-UD2 Micro-atx format, cheap cost (by 1156 standards). Has 4 ram slots, 5 native sata ports (plus another 2 provided by a 3rd party controller), 10(!) rear usb ports, with 4 more usb ports on the motherboard itself. Other features are firewire, e-sata, gigabit ethernet and realtek HD audio. About the only apparent weakness of this board is no 1x pci-e slots, but there is 2 16x pci-e slots (with one being a 4x electrical), so this probably won't be much of an issue. This board is currently untested.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
Gigabyte GA-P55-USB3 Atx format, moderate cost (by 1156 standards). Has 4 ram slots, 6 native sata ports (plus another 2 provided by a 3rd party controller), 10(!) rear usb ports, with 4 more usb ports on the motherboard itself, and 3 pci slots, 2 1x pci-e slot, and 2 16x (with one being 4x electrical) pci-e slots. Other features are usb 3.0 support, gigabit ethernet and realtek HD audio. Overclocking support seems excellent so far. This board is stable in limited testing.
Newest bios updates for this board can be found here.
Amd CPU recommendations:
For budget machines, the AMD dual core cpu's are a great pick. When possible, get the lower wattage model cpu's if they don't cost a lot more compared to the higher watt ones. Rather then give direct links here, I am going to give a few suggestions, as pricing changes way too quick here to recommend certain model cpu's.
AMD currently has two socket types in production. Socket AM3 cpu's can use DDR3 or DDR2 ram, with the older Socket AM2 cpu's can only use DDR2. An AM3 class cpu can plug into either AM3 or AM2 boards, but AM2 cpu's only work with AM2 boards. So generally you'll want to buy an AM3 cpu, and an AM3 board if you want to run DDR3 ram, or an AM2 board if you want DDR2 ram.
With AMD cpu's, its generally not worth spending over $100, the Intel's are a better choice in the $100 and up range. Use caution with the 125 (and above) watt cpu's, there are LOTS of reports of various motherboards dying when these are used, plus these models generate a LOT a heat. As a general rule, you want the 45nm models (or smaller), avoid the older 60 or 90nm ones.
Listing of dual core AMD cpu's
As always, do your homework and shopping, this isn't written in stone. Most of programs currently out do NOT take advantage of a quad core cpu, so don't buy one expecting it to magically double your performance. Unless an oem cpu is WAY cheaper compared to its retail brother, go with the retail cpu. 3 year warranty, and the retail heatsink/fans are pretty good quality. As a final note, you can stick an AM3 class processor in an AM2+ board as long as the board has proper bios support.
For budget machines, the AMD dual core cpu's are a great pick. When possible, get the lower wattage model cpu's if they don't cost a lot more compared to the higher watt ones. Rather then give direct links here, I am going to give a few suggestions, as pricing changes way too quick here to recommend certain model cpu's.
AMD currently has two socket types in production. Socket AM3 cpu's can use DDR3 or DDR2 ram, with the older Socket AM2 cpu's can only use DDR2. An AM3 class cpu can plug into either AM3 or AM2 boards, but AM2 cpu's only work with AM2 boards. So generally you'll want to buy an AM3 cpu, and an AM3 board if you want to run DDR3 ram, or an AM2 board if you want DDR2 ram.
With AMD cpu's, its generally not worth spending over $100, the Intel's are a better choice in the $100 and up range. Use caution with the 125 (and above) watt cpu's, there are LOTS of reports of various motherboards dying when these are used, plus these models generate a LOT a heat. As a general rule, you want the 45nm models (or smaller), avoid the older 60 or 90nm ones.
Listing of dual core AMD cpu's
As always, do your homework and shopping, this isn't written in stone. Most of programs currently out do NOT take advantage of a quad core cpu, so don't buy one expecting it to magically double your performance. Unless an oem cpu is WAY cheaper compared to its retail brother, go with the retail cpu. 3 year warranty, and the retail heatsink/fans are pretty good quality. As a final note, you can stick an AM3 class processor in an AM2+ board as long as the board has proper bios support.